《儒林外史》与清代戏曲生态

The Scholars and the Opera Ecology of the Qing Dynasty

深稔戏曲艺术的吴敬梓在创作《儒林外史》时,也将戏曲描写作为重要手段加以运用。纵览《儒林外史》一书,其中竟有接近一半的章回出现了对戏曲及相关内容的描写。这些描写涉及戏曲演出的场合、体制、演员、剧目等状况,是清代戏曲发展的重要佐证材料。本文从《青袍记》等相关戏曲的演出情况,清曲、打十番与细乐的演出形式及小说中的戏单与剧目等三个小问题着手作以探讨,由此可以见出清代的戏曲生态。

Wu Jingzi is very familiar with the art of Chinese opera.He used the description of Chinese opera as an important means to create the The Scholars.These descriptions relate to the situation of the occasion,system,actors and repertoire of the drama performance,and are the important supporting materials for the development of the drama in the Qing dynasty.This paper discusses the performance of the related operas such as The story of the Green Robe,the performing forms of Qinqu,Dashifan and Xiyue,the programme and list of operas in the novel,which also can be seen in the Qing dynasty opera ecology.