摘要
《史记》被称为“史家之绝唱,无韵之离骚。”盖结合真、美、善而一之,堪称史传文学的典范。本文从《春秋》书法切入,追本溯源史传文学的叙事传统,如何“或笔或削”?如何“属词比事”?进而探求《史记》如何“互见叙事”,如何“忌讳叙事”?《史记》之实录存真,取决于或笔或削、属辞比事。《史记》以属辞比事,表述历史真实;以笔削书法,体现互见叙事、忌讳叙事。顾炎武称《史记》,有所谓“不待论断,而于序事之中即见其指”者,即是比事见义、属辞显义之法。亦即经史学者所云录实事、直书其事、见诸行事、稽之以事、以事为经、直书而义自见。《春秋》与史传,多因文以见义,而义都不说破,故不稽之以事,则文不显。胡安国《春秋传·序》称:“空言独能载其理,行事然后见其用。”其此之谓。要之,“太史公曰”之外,《史记》以叙事为论断,理事圆融而无碍,而是非褒贬自见者,最为司马迁史传文学、历史编纂学、实录存真之最大宗。
Historical biography takes factual records as its purpose,emphasizing to seek truth.Literature is based on aesthetics and emphasizes the pursuit of beauty.Moreover,biographical literature combines truth with beauty.Beside narration,it is better.to use language to speak in small words and retain the truth.Shi Ji,as a model of historical biography literature,drawing on the strengths of pre Qin narrative literature and various scholars'prose,is known as“the masterpiece of historians,without rhyme or rhyme.”This article starts with the calligraphy of ChunQiu,the origin of historical biography literature,and traces the narrative tradition of historical biography literature to explore how Shi Ji can see each other's narrative and taboo narrative,which can achieve the intersection of praise and disparagement;to explore the meaning of events and texts,and to“compare words to things”and“write or cut”,which can achieve the effect of cutting complexity to simplicity and filling gaps.
出处
《汉籍与汉学》
2023年第1期128-145,共18页
Chinese Books and Sinology
