说古代诗词小说中的“瓢”

Piao (gourd ladle)in Chinese Ancient Poetry

中国传统的瓢是把葫芦壳对半刨开而做的舀水、饮水的器具。《论语》中孔子赞美颜回"箪食瓢饮",瓢即渐渐成为一个安贫乐道的文化符号。唐人将"一瓢饮"变成了"一瓢酒",而且成为送别诗中的常见意象。宋以后,商品经济发展,产于岭南的椰瓢行销全国,其精致者成为文人追捧的高级酒器。无论是葫芦瓢还是椰瓢,都有丰富的文化内涵,是诗词小说中常见的器具。李叔同《送别》中"一瓢浊酒"当是沿用古人意象,"瓢"不作"觚""壶"等字。

The Chinese traditional piao is a utensil for lading and drinking water,which is made of half-sliced gourd shell.In The Analects,the Confucius praised Yanhui for“a bamboo bowl of food and a piao of water”.Piao has gradually become a cultural symbol of“happy to lead a simple and virtuous life”.People in the Tang Dynasty changed“apiao of water”into“apiao of wine”,which made it as a typical image of farewell poems.After the Song Dynasty,with the development of commodity economy,the coconut piao from the South became popular nationally,among which the delicate ones have been the advanced wine vessel for the literati.No matter gourd piaoor coconut piao,every kind of piao contains abundant implication,and is a frequently-mentioned utensil in poetry and novels.In Song bie by Li Shutong,“apiao of unstrained wine”borrowed the idea from the ancient people.