《仪礼》仪节中的静默表述

Quiescent Expression in Etiquette and Rites of Yi Li

作者曾撰文表示:先秦礼仪之三大精神,可以"敬、净、静"三字涵盖。本文据此说,专门发挥"静"字的内涵。盖古人行礼时,有出语表态以折冲之礼,有发言议论以评断之礼,祭祀则有祝祷声启之仪,丧葬则有哭号踊抚之时;然亦有静默不言,而仅以动作仪态行礼者。易言之,行礼者静默表述其礼意,而观礼者自能潜会其用心。然则礼仪乃由有声之言辞与无声之动作仪态所构成。此意研究礼仪者皆知之,而前贤似未能具体点出声之有无亦为行礼之要素。因不揣仄陋,自《仪礼》中选择六例,以明此义。

The author once wrote that:the three spirits of rites in Pre-Qin Dynasty are shown in three words“respect,clearance and quiescence”.This essay focuses on the connotation of“quiescence”.When Chinese ancient people performed rites,sometimes they declared their standpoints by words to negotiate,sometimes they commented and discussed to make judges,sometimes they sacrificed ancestors by praying and voice,sometimes they wailed in funerals;yet sometimes people also kept silence with mere actions.To put it another way,people performing rites expressed their courtesy with silence,those who attended the ritual would naturally appreciate the courtesy.Therefore,courtesy is combined with voices and silence,which those researchers on Ritual Study all know but no one has ever pointed it out specifically.With or without sound is the key factor of performing a courtesy.Hence I do not care about my shallowness in my knowledge and write this article to prove it by selecting six examples fromYi Li.