司马光《居家杂仪》的问世、流传及影响

On the Birth and Inheritance of Sime Guang’s JujiaZayi and Its Influences

《居家杂仪》是北宋司马光为家族制定的日常居家礼仪规范。其以单篇问世以后,又先后被收入司马光的《书仪》和朱熹的《家礼》二书,但其单篇并行不废,而且经过朱熹的大力推崇后,其流传形式更加多样化。《居家杂仪》的问世使传统家礼突破了只注重主要为"人生重大节日"提供礼仪指导的"冠婚丧祭"四礼的限制,开始向"日用之常礼"扩展,最终促成了中国古代家礼体系的完善。其流传形式的日趋多样,首先是因为顺应了宋代以来近世家族重建中对家族管理的新要求,进而在朱熹的推动下成为朱熹理学追求"齐家"的实践指南。因此在朱熹理学占据意识形态统治地位的明清两代,成为部分士大夫日常家居生活自觉遵守的行为准则。

Jujia Zayi,which literally means miscellaneous family etiquette,is the daily etiquette standard formulated by Sima Guang for the extended family in the Northern Song Dynasty.It was originally published as a single piece.Then,it was successively included in Sima Guang’s Shuyi and Zhu Xi’s Jiali,but the release of its single piece was not abandoned.After being strongly praised by Zhu Xi,it spread in more diversified ways.Jujia Zayi allows the traditional family etiquette to extend beyond the limitation of the four major rites,i.e.puberty rite,marriage,funeral and sacrificial ceremonies,which provide etiquette guidance for the major festivals.From then on,the Chinese traditional family etiquette began to include daily rituals.The book contributs to the completion of the family etiquette system in ancient China.Its spreading in diversified ways conformed to the new requirements of family management in the family reconstruction since the Song Dynasty.And then with the promotion of Zhu Xi,it became the practical guide for Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism to regulate the family.Therefore,in the Ming and Qing dynasties,with Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism as dominant ideology,it became the code of conduct that some scholar-officials consciously obeyed in their daily household life.