“双减”政策下的焦虑与防御——初中生家庭选择影子教育的动机分析

On Anxiety and Defense in Context of"Double Reduction Policy"——A Motivation Analysis of Shadow Education Chosen by Junior Middle School Students'Families

影子教育以提升学生考试成绩作为首要目标,对我国教育生态和社会环境的影响不容小觑。“双减”政策和中学考试改革的同向同行对基础教育带来深刻影响。采用质性研究方法对初中生及其家长共30人进行深入访谈,采用主题分析法探索“双减”背景下初中生家庭选择影子教育的动机。研究发现,初中生家庭选择影子教育外显动机为支持子代发展、潜在动机为调节亲代情绪;外显动机呈现分数导向—素质导向—心理健康导向三维模型;潜在动机体现家长对教育焦虑的防御;初中生家庭选择影子教育的投资行为具有互惠性质。基于研究结果提出教育建议:政府完善配套政策,加强价值引导;优化学校职能,促进教育公平;家庭更新理念,重视情绪调节。

In research,educational services such as private tutoring,coaching and academic enrichment classes that operate outside formal educational institutions(such as schools)are commonly referred to as“shadow education.”Shadow education as an exam-oriented education,focuses too much on students’scores and thus has had an adverse effect on both educational ecology and social environment in China.On the other hand,the"double reduction"policy and the examination reform in middle schools have exerted a profound impact on the basic education in China.Against this background,this article,based on qualitative research methods(for example,interviews with 30 junior high school students and their parents)and a thematic analysis method,intends to explore the motivation of junior high school families to choose shadow education in the context of"double reduction"policy.The study found that the explicit motivation for families of junior high school students to choose shadow education is to support the development of the younger generation,and the potential motivation is to regulate parental emotions;explicit motivation features a three-dimensional model of score,quality,and mental health;potential motivation is actually indication of parents'defense against educational anxiety;and it is the reciprocal outcome that drives junior middle school students'families to invest in shadow education.Such being the case,it is suggested that the government improve policy-making and value guidance,schools promote administration to ensure equity,and families renew concepts and attach importance to emotion regulation,etc.