高考科目“选择性”改革的实践挑战与前景思考

On Motive and Challenges Faced by“Option”Reform for Gaokao

“选择性”是高考改革的历史性问题,也是改革的未来走向。本轮高考改革围绕增加高校与学生的双重选择空间,对考试科目、赋分方式和录取方式进行了综合性改革。尽管高考的“选择性”改革取向契合学生发展、高校人才培养的新趋势,旨在撬动基础教育和高等教育的双重变革;然而在实践中,诸如自由选科机制不完善、专业设置权的虚置、生源的结构性矛盾、选科行为的集体非理性等问题不断涌现,高考改革受到巨大挑战。针对这些挑战,研究认为高考改革需要坚持选择性导向不动摇,在改革实践中合理推进中学教育教学改革,强化主体间的协作;高校勇担改革使命,优化专业结构,完善人才培养体系;继续探究科学的赋分制度,发挥高校的引领作用。

“Option”has been a problem to be solved,therefore,a goal for future reform.Currently,the new gaokao reform,aiming to offer more options for both the universities and the candidates,begins to carry out a comprehensive reform in the aspects like subjects of examination,ways of grading,and policies of admission,etc.The reform focuses on offering more options and devotes attention to both the fundamental and higher education,so it is in line with the new trend of student development and talent cultivation in colleges.However,the practice of the option reform has witnessed the emergence of the problems such as defective mechanism of free selection of subjects,void rights of specialty setting by the universities,structural difficulties in admitting candidates,and students’irrational behavior of subject-selecting by the,etc.To fight against the above-mentioned problems,this article holds that the selective orientation of gaokao reform should be sticked to,and meanwhile in the practice,we need to promote the education reform in senior high schools and as well as the cooperation between senior high schools and colleges.What’s more,colleges are supposed to undertake the mission of reform,and actively optimize the professional structure so as to improve the talent training system.And it’s also crucial for the colleges to explore the scientific scoring system and give full play to their own’s leading roles.