新高考背景下高校招生困境与应对

Admission Difficulties Faced by Colleges and Respective Measures under Background of New Gaokao

作为招生考试的主体,高校承担着国家人才选拔与培养的重任,然而,高考制度本身蕴含着高度的复杂性与敏感性,牵涉到众多利益主体,这就使得不同时期内高校招生各环节总是内含着若干矛盾。在目前新高考改革如火如荼的关键时刻,高校招生所面临的矛盾与困境直接关系到高校能否招到学生、招到合适的好学生。在探索"分类考试、综合评价、多元录取"的招生考试改革模式下,我国高校招生主要面临五大矛盾,分别是功利化选考与高校落实自主权的矛盾、弱势学科遇冷与大学竞争的矛盾、考生群体异质性与招生效度的矛盾、多样化生源与人才培养的矛盾以及多元化招生与公平公正的矛盾。为应对当前我国高校招生困境,研究提出以下对策:增强招生主体意识与能力,把握招生自主权;明确自身办学定位,合理配置资源;优化学科和专业布局,加快建设优势专业;改革人才培养模式,探索分层分类教学,以及发挥高校与中学联动效应,加强科目牵引。

As the main target of gaokao,institutions of higher learning undertake the important task of national talent selection and training.However,with a high degree of complexity and sensitivity,and involvement of diverse interest of stakeholders,gaokao itself has witnessed lots of conflicts in different periods and stages of admission work by colleges.Moreover,since the present gaokao is at a critical time of reform,the colleges are facing the problem of whether they can admit enough and high-quality candidates.Such being the case,this article,by exploring the current gaokao reform mode of"categorized examination forms,comprehensive evaluation methods,and diversified admission mode",has found five types of conflicts,namely the conflicts between utilitarian elective examinations and colleges’admission autonomy,the conflictsbetween minor subjects and major competition in colleges,the conflictsbetweenthe heterogeneity of the candidates and admission validity,the conflictsbetween diverse student sources and monotonous talent training scheme,and the conflictsbetween various admission means and equity&fairness of examination and admission,etc..In order to help colleges cope with the current dilemma,the study here puts forward the following suggestions:colleges are supposed to grasp more rights to admission autonomy by improving concept and practice;to rationally allocate resources with a clearer self-position;to strengthen the construction ofadvantageous majors by optimizing the disciplines and majors;to reform the talent training model by trying hierarchical and classified teaching;and,to give play to the positive connection between colleges and middle schools.