重金属污染场地修复技术的专利计量分析

Bibliometric analysis of patents on the remediation technologies of heavy-metal(loid) contaminated sites

为探明国内重金属污染场地技术的发展现状,通过筛选和计量分析国家知识产权局综合服务平台的数据库和中国知识资源综合数据库等数据源中2002—2019年申请并公开的重金属污染场地修复技术专利,研究了我国重金属污染场地技术的专利发展现状。结果表明,国内重金属污染场地修复技术的专利发展可分为4个阶段,2013—2017年发展迅猛,平均增长率为66项·a^-1,2018年至今发展渐缓;全国区域范围内,江苏省、北京市、广东省、湖南省的专利数量占据优势,镉、铬、铜、铅、锌的污染场地修复技术发展比较成熟。根据技术类型,分析了各项技术的发展趋势,并综合适用对象范围、研究机构数量、公开专利数量及年份变化趋势等进行了评估,结果表明,发展比较好的修复技术包括固化/稳定化修复技术、淋洗修复技术和物理修复技术。其中,固化/稳定化修复技术的主体地位优势仍然十分明显,研究重点逐渐倾向于以废治废,降低药剂成本,实现绿色修复。

Aiming to figure out the current status of the technology development on heavy-metal(loid)contaminated sites remediation in China, statistical analysis through Microsoft Excel and Origin was carried out after selecting the patents involving heavy-metal(loid) contaminated sites remediation technologies between2002 and 2019 from the National Intellectual Property Office’s comprehensive service platform and the China Knowledge Resources Integrated Database platform. The results showed that the patent development of domestic heavy metal(loid) contaminated site remediation technology could be divided into four stages. Of which the development was rapid with an average annual growth rate of 66 pieces from 2013 to 2017, and it has slowed down since 2018. Among our country, Jiangsu, Beijing, Guangdong, and Hunan provinces were ranked among top four areas with the most patents awarded and the most patent-awarded institutes as well. And the remediation technologies for sites contaminated with cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc, were well developed. In addition, the development trends of various types of technologies were also analyzed. After making a comprehensive assessment of application scopes, the number of research institutions and public patents as well as the trend of years, the good developed technologies were determined as immobilization/stabilization remediation technology, rinsing remediation technology and physical remediation technology.Moreover, the immobilization/stabilization remediation technology still keep an obvious dominant position, and its research focus gradually tends to make use of waste, reduce the cost of chemicals and achieve green remediation.