大连港典型区域船舶溢油风险与污染特征研究

RESEARCH ON OIL SPILL RISK AND POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICSIN TYPICAL AREAS OF DALIAN PORT

近年来,我国海上航运得到了快速发展,沿海港口船舶交通流量逐年上升。随之而来的海洋环境风险隐患不断增大,海洋环境保护日益受到人们所重视,特别是港口区域的船舶溢油风险已成为我国海洋环境保护工作的重点。海洋发生溢油风险事故后,溢油迅速扩散,会对海洋敏感物种的生境及人类造成威胁。目前我国相关部门制定的相应法律法规相继出台,为防治港口码头船舶溢油污染工作提供了制度保障和技术支持。大连港主要从事原油,成品油及液体化工品装卸、储运服务、客运服务等方面业务,港区分布也较为分散,一旦发生溢油事故,对周边区域的环境影响不尽相同。本文通过数值模拟的方法,对大连港不同港区的海上溢油环境事故进行模拟分析,分析潜在的污染影响特征,为保护大连港区域海洋环境、提升大连港溢油应急能力提供了理论依据。

In recent years,marine shipping of our country has got the rapid development,the coastal port ship traffic flow increases year by year.The risk of marine environment is increasing and more and more attention has been paid to marine environmental protection,especially the risk of an oil spill from ships in the port area has become the focus of our marine environment protection.After the oil spill accident,the oil spill will spread rapidly,which will threaten the habitat of sensitive species and human being.At present,the relevant laws and regulations formulated by the relevant departments of our country have been issued one after another,which provides the system guarantee and technical support for the prevention and control of oil pollution from ships at ports and docks.Dalian port is mainly engaged in the loading and unloading of crude oil,refined oil products and liquid chemicals,storage and transportation services,passenger services,etc.,the environmental impact on the surrounding area varies.The environmental risk of a marine oil spill in different areas of Dalian port is predicted and simulated by numerical simulation method in this paper.It provides a theoretical basis for protecting the marine environment of the port area and improving the emergency response capability of the Dalian port oil spill.