异源物质对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效能的影响及调控策略

INFLUENCES OF HETEROLOGOUS SUBSTANCES OCCURRED IN FOOD WASTE ON ANAEROBIC DIGESTION AND REGULATION STRATEGIES:A REVIEW

厌氧消化是实现餐厨垃圾资源化利用和无害化处理的有效手段。然而,餐厨垃圾中含有的大量异源物质对厌氧体系产生潜在影响。主要探究了典型异源物质(NaCl、调味剂等)对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效能的影响。分析发现,异源物质主要通过影响微生物群落结构(如甲烷鬃毛菌属、甲烷杆菌属、甲烷八叠球菌属等产甲烷菌)、代谢活性(如细胞膜通透性、渗透压和关键酶活性等)、微生物代谢功能及关键功能基因的表达(如ACAS和mcrA等)方式对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效能产生抑制。然而,通过采用物理(如热、超声、生物炭吸附等)、化学(如酸、碱、高级氧化技术等)、生物(如功能菌富集、微生物驯化、酶等)等预处理手段可有效削减和调控餐厨垃圾的消化效能。最后,针对多种异源物质的协同影响以及源头分类、生化调控优化技术的结合和开发等角度进行了展望,可为餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效能的提升提供参考。

Anaerobic digestion is one of the most effective strategies for resource utilization and harmless disposal of food waste.However,the high levels of heterologous substances in food waste might exhibit negative impacts on these systems.This work mainly investigated the influences of typical heterologous substances(i.e.,NaCl,condiment,etc.)on the anaerobic digestion of food waste.The results indicated that these heterologous substances inhibit the digestion efficiency by regulating the microbial community structures(i.e.,Methanosaeta,Methanobacterium kluyver and van niel),metabolic activities(i.e.,cell membrane permeability,osmotic pressure,and activities of key enzymes),microbial metabolic functions,and expressions of functional genes(i.e.,ACAS and mcrA).The appropriate pretreatment methods,such as physical pretreatments(i.e.,thermal,ultrasonic,biochar adsorption,etc.),chemical pretreatments(i.e.,acid,alkali,advanced oxidation process,etc.)and biological pretreatments(i.e.,domestication and enrichment of functional bacteria,etc.),were effective to ameliorate such inhibitory effects.Besides,the future prospects were given from the perspectives of the combined effects of various heterologous substances on the digestion systems,as well as the necessity of source classification and reaction process optimization for enhanced digestion performance.This work would provide theoretical guidance for improving the anaerobic digestion of food waste.