基于高分辨率遥感数据的黄河三角洲生态监测与评价

ECOLOGICAL MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING DATA

基于多源卫星遥感数据和其他辅助数据,分别对2015—2020年黄河三角洲地区的水土流失、土壤沙化、湿地退化和人类活动状况展开分析。结果表明:在黄河三角洲地区,超过60%的区域无水土流失,但河流流经的农田区域内水土流失现象较明显;90%以上的区域土壤沙化程度为轻度和中度,其中2017年土壤沙化较为严重;2015—2020年,湿地生态系统面积呈增加趋势,总面积增加了91.95 km^(2),增加面积比例为10.6%;人类活动总面积减少了152.02 hm^(2),其中农业开发面积减少量占比达到66.99%,矿产资源开发面积略有增加。综合各项生态评估成果,2015—2020年,黄河三角洲生态环境保护和修复取得一定成效,生态环境发展趋势向好,但仍存在一些生态问题,应采取相应的生态治理与保护措施。

The article analyzes water and soil erosion,soil desertification,wetland degradation,and human activities in the Yellow River Delta region from 2015 to 2020,based on various satellite remote sensing data and other auxiliary data.The results showed that more than 60%of the area in the Yellow River Delta region has no water and soil erosion,but the phenomenon is more obvious in the farmland areas where the rivers flow through.More than 90%of the region shows mild to moderate soil desertification,and soil desertification was the most severe in 2017.The wetland ecosystem increases,with a total area increase of 91.95 km^(2),accounting for 10.6%of the total area.The total area of human activities decreases by 152.02 hm^(2),with a 66.99%reduction in the agricultural development area and a slight increase in mineral resource development.Overall,ecological environment protection and restoration in the Yellow River Delta from 2015 to 2020 have achieved certain results,and the ecological environment has developed positively,but some ecological problems still exist,and the corresponding ecological governance and protection measures should be taken.