2017—2020年武汉市大气污染物时空分布特征研究

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS IN WUHAN FROM 2017 TO 2020

为进一步了解武汉市大气污染时空分布特征,对2017—2020年武汉市主要大气污染物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、CO、NO_(2)和O_(3))进行了空间插值分析、时间变化分析以及与气象要素的相关性分析。结果表明:武汉市近4年环境空气质量达标率为72.98%。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、CO和NO_(2)具有“冬高夏低”的“V”形特征,O_(3)呈“夏高冬低”的变化趋势。武汉市年均质量浓度超标的大气污染物主要有PM_(2.5)和PM_(10),但其年均质量浓度均呈下降趋势,而O_(3)是年均质量浓度唯一处于上升状态的大气污染物,今后应重点关注颗粒物与臭氧污染。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、CO和NO_(2)主要集中在武昌区、蔡甸区、青山区、江汉区、江岸区,而O_(3)多聚集在黄陂区、新洲区和江夏区。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、CO和NO_(2)之间均呈显著正相关,O_(3)和其余5种大气污染物均呈显著负相关。平均气温与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、CO和NO_(2)均呈显著负相关,与O_(3)呈显著极强正相关;日照时长与6种污染物均呈显著负相关;平均风速与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、CO和NO_(2)均呈显著负相关,与O_(3)呈显著正相关;相对湿度仅与SO_(2)呈弱相关性。影响武汉市大气污染物的主要气象要素是平均气温和日照时长。

An investigation on the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and correlation analysis with meteorological elements were conducted on the main atmospheric pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO,NO_(2)and O_(3))in Wuhan from 2017 to 2020,to understand the level of atmospheric pollution in each district of Wuhan.The results were as follows:The overall achievement rate of ambient air quality in Wuhan over the past four years was 72.98%.The pollution of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO and NO_(2)was more serious in winter,and less in summer;the pollution of O_(3)was more in summer,and less in winter.PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)were the exceeding pollutants among the atmospheric pollutants,but the annual average mass concentrations were on a decreasing trend,while O_(3)was the only air pollutant whose annual average mass concentration was on the rise,so particulate matters and ozone pollution should be paid on more attention in the future.PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO and NO_(2)were more concentrated in Wuchang District,Caidian District,Qingshan District,Jianghan District,Jiangan District,and O_(3)were concentrated in Huangpi District,Xinzhou District and Jiangxia District.PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO and NO_(2)were significantly positively correlated with each other,while O_(3)and these five atmospheric pollutants were significantly negatively correlated.Mean temperature was significantly negatively correlated with PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO and NO_(2),and significantly and strongly positively correlated with O_(3).Sunshine duration was significantly negatively correlated with all six pollutants.Mean wind speed was significantly negatively correlated with PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),CO and NO_(2),and significantly positively correlated with O_(3).Relative humidity had the least effect on air pollutants and was only weakly correlated with SO_(2).The main meteorological elements affecting air pollutants in Wuhan were average temperature and sunshine duration.