我国生活垃圾组分的时空分布特征回顾

REVIEW ON SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COMPONENTS IN CHINA

生活垃圾组分是选择处理方式的基础,与地域、季节、居民生活习惯等密切相关。系统回顾了近年来我国生活垃圾组分时空分布特征。近20年来,我国城市生活垃圾中厨余垃圾占比最高(接近或超过50%),可回收物占比呈升高趋势(由22%左右升高至约30%),垃圾低位热值呈上升趋势(已超过6000 kJ/kg)。第1季度生活垃圾中厨余垃圾占比高(城市地区约为61%),第3、4季度灰土占比升高(农村地区可达到29%)、含水率低、热值高(城市地区可达到6600 kJ/kg)。全国范围内,各地生活垃圾组分占比差异显著,厨余垃圾占比由东(65%)向西(50%)递减,可回收物占比由南(25%)向北(17%)递减,灰土占比由北(27%)向南(11%)递减。生活垃圾热值与经济发展水平呈正相关。该结论可为生活垃圾因地制宜处理选择提供数据支持。

The components of municipal solid waste(MSW)is the basis for selecting disposal methods,which are closely related to regions,seasons and residents’living habits.This paper systematically reviews the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of MSW in China in recent years.In recent 20 years,kitchen waste accounts for the highest proportion(close to or even more than 50%)in urban MSW of China,the proportion of recyclables increased(from about 22%to about 30%),and the low heating value of MSW shows an upward trend(more than 6000 kJ/kg).Kitchen waste accounts for a high proportion of MSW in the first quarter of a year(about 61%in cities),and in the third and fourth quarters,the proportion of ash and soil increases(up to 29%in rural areas)with lower moisture content and higher heating value(up to 6600 kJ/kg in cities).Nationwide,there are significant differences in the proportion of MSW in various regions.The proportion of kitchen waste decreases from the east(65%)to the west(50%),the proportion of recyclables decreases from the south(25%)to the north(17%),and that of ash and soil decreases from the north(27%)to the south(11%).The heat value of MSW is positively correlated with the level of the region’s economic development.The conclusion can provide data support for the treatment of MSW according to local conditions.