基于LCA的北京市透水水泥混凝土路面的环境影响分析

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS OF PERMEABLE CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT IN BEIJING BASED ON LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

透水铺装因其雨水入渗和净化等功能成为未来城市道路铺装的重点发展方向,其生命周期资源环境影响的影响机制与因素需开展系统全面分析。基于北京市的降雨特征和路面工程实际,采用生命周期评价(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法,综合分析透水水泥混凝土路面全生命周期产生的环境影响,并结合雨水管理模型(storm water management model,SWMM)模拟透水铺装在使用阶段的环境效益,对比了不同维护方式给透水水泥混凝土路面环境影响带来的变化。结果表明:透水水泥混凝土路面在生产阶段的水泥投入,是造成其生命周期环境影响的主要因素,但其在使用阶段因透水和净水作用产生的环境效益可以抵消部分其他阶段产生的环境影响。从环境角度而言,日常清扫+高压冲洗是透水水泥混凝土路面最佳的维护方式。但是由于使用年限可影响不同维护方式的环境表现,建议综合考虑使用年限选择适合的维护方式,以降低透水水泥混凝土路面的资源环境影响。因此,LCA与SWMM的耦合应用可以更准确地量化透水铺装全生命周期环境效益及其关键影响因素。该方法有望应用于其他低影响开发(low impact development,LID)设施甚至整个海绵城市资源环境影响的系统评价。

Permeable pavement has become the key development direction of urban road pavement in the future because of its functions of rainwater infiltration and purification.The impact mechanism and factors of resource and environment impact in its life cycle need to be systematically and comprehensively analyzed.Based on the rainfall characteristics and pavement engineering practice in Beijing,this paper comprehensively analyzed the environmental impact of permeable cement concrete pavement in the whole life cycle with the life cycle assessment(LCA).Combined with the stormwater management model(SWMM),this paper simulated the environmental benefits of permeable pavement in the use stage,and compared the changes brought by different maintenance methods to the environmental impact of permeable cement concrete pavement.The results showed that the input of cement in the production stage was the main factor causing the environmental impact in its life cycle.The environmental benefits provided by rainwater infiltration and purification in the use stage could offset the environmental impact in other stages.From the environmental perspective,daily cleaning+high-pressure washing was the best available maintenance method for permeable cement concrete pavement.However,the service life should be taken into consideration to select the most suitable maintenance method,for the best environmental performance of the permeable pavement.Therefore,the coupling application of LCA and SWMM could more accurately quantify the environmental benefits and key influencing factors of permeable pavement in the whole life cycle.This method was expected to be applied to the systematic evaluation of resource and environmental impact of other LID facilities and even the whole sponge city.