我国高校批判性思维教学的现状、成效及其影响因素——基于20年来全国高校批判性思维教学研究的元分析

The Current Status,Effectiveness,and Influencing Factors of Critical Thinking Teaching in Chinese Higher Education

为厘清我国高校批判性思维教学的现状、成效及其影响因素,从1987-2023年间发表的2380篇文献中筛选出涵盖我国内地、香港地区、澳门地区和台湾地区的156项批判性思维教学实证研究,分析我国高校批判性思维教学研究在时间、地域、专业上的分布状况以及在师资、教学方法、效果评估上的特点,结果表明:我国高校的批判性思维教学在中等程度上提高了学生的批判性思维技能和倾向;原“985工程”和“211工程”高校在教学效果上相对较优;批判性思维教学效果与教学目标、学科类型、教学方法、班级规模和评估方式密切相关。

To clarify the current status,effectiveness,and influencing factors of critical thinking teaching in Chinese higher education institutions,156 studies covering the China's mainland,Hong Kong region,Macao region,and Taiwan region were selected from 2380 published documents between 1987 and 2023.A systematic summary was conducted to analyze the distribution of critical thinking teaching research in Chinese universities in terms of time,region,and discipline,as well as the characteristics in terms of faculty,teaching methods,and evaluation of effectiveness.Meta-analysis indicates that critical thinking teaching in Chinese universities moderately enhances students'critical thinking skills and tendencies.Universities participating in the former“Project 985”and“Project 211”exhibit relatively better teaching outcomes.The effectiveness of critical thinking teaching is closely related to teaching objectives,disciplinary types,teaching methods,class sizes,and evaluation methods.