掌控的反噬:目标导向的自主学习者

How the Hunter Becomes the Hunted:On Objective-oriented Autonomous Learners

培养“自主学习者”是近20年来我国基础教育和高等教育中“以学生为中心”改革的核心目标,但在实践中这一培养目标却异化成为“自我监控的学习者”。以学业评价为制度支撑的“过程-产出”教学模式及其伴生的“核心素养”、“元认知”、“高阶能力”等理念,是导致这种变化发生的重要原因。“自我监控的学习者”长于迁移但疏于专业知识、惯于反思但极少沉思、注重掌握技能但缺少丰厚学养,在适应快速变动的工作世界之余,失去了与世界的共鸣,失去了成长的开放性与经验的丰富性,最终导致在掌控目标的训练中反被目标所掌控。

Cultivating“autonomous learners”has been the core goal of the“student-centered”reform in basic and higher education in the past two decades.However,this article finds that this goal has been perverted into producing“self-monitored learners”in practice.The“process-product”teaching model supported by academic evaluation and its associated concepts of“core competencies”,“metacognition”and“higher-order thinking skills”are accountable for this perversion.“Self-monitored learners”are adept at transferring knowledge but ignorant of domain-specific knowledge,accustomed to self-reflection but rarely contemplate inwards,good at mastering skills but lack academic nurturing.They lose the resonance with the world,the openness of growth and the richness of experience while adapting to the ast-changing working world,and eventually become controlled by the objectives in the training of controlling the objectives.