中世纪大学的住宿制学院:起源、流变及其意义阐释

Residential Colleges at the Medieval Universities:Origins,Development and Interpretation

现代大学中的住宿制学院不仅为大学生提供宿舍和更充实的校园生活,还注重师生之间的交流与互动,以此实现知识传承和教化育人。从起源来看,住宿制学院的前身发端于中世纪的学舍,而中世纪学舍又与中世纪大学几乎同时产生。中世纪学舍可以细分为法式、英式、德式三种,分别对应学生宿舍型、师生共处型、涵养师资型三类。与中世纪大学的发展同步,三种类型的中世纪学舍也随之发生变化,以各自的新形式存续于现代大学体系当中。探究中世纪学舍的起源与分类,可以厘清它与现代住宿制学院之间的传承渊源,突显其与大学之间相互支撑的紧密联系,借此为中国大学正在进行的教育改革与制度创新提供经验与借鉴。

Residential colleges at modern universities not only provide dormitories and enrich campus life for students,but also pay more attention to the communication and interaction between professors and students,to realize knowledge inheritance and education.The predecessors of residential colleges originated in medieval collegia.Medieval collegia can be subdivided into three prototypes:student college,master-student coexistence college,and master college.Medieval collegia in France,England and Germany were separately their representatives.Three types of medieval collegia have also changed and exist in their respective new forms within modern universities.Exploring the origin and the classification of medieval collegia can clarify the inheritance between it and the modern residential college,and provide experience and reference to higher education reform and institutional innovation in Chinese universities.