绅士的社会属性与人格属性:洛克教育思想辨析(一)

The Social Attributes and Personality Attributes of the Gentleman:A Re-understanding of Locke’s Educational Thought

从对相关研究文献的分析来看,国内学界对洛克教育思想中绅士的“定评”可分为“新贵族论”、“政治精英论”和“现代公民论”三类。但诸种“定评”均存在着简单化和窄化等偏颇,其原因在于缺乏对洛克教育思想产生的历史情境的充分了解。借鉴英国史、英国社会史等学科研究成果,分析洛克所处时代英国社会结构和文化观念的变迁,洛克笔下的绅士同时具有社会属性和人格属性。绅士的社会属性表现为其作为新兴中间阶层的代表,而人格属性则体现为洛克所构想的完美人格。

Based on the analysis of relevant research literature,the“characterization”of gentlemen in Locke's educational thought can be divided into“new aristocracy”,“political elitism”and“modern citizenship”.However,there are biases such as simplification and narrowing of the existing conclusions,which is due to the lack of full understanding of the historical context of Locke's educational thought.Drawing on the research results of British history,British social history and other disciplines,through the analysis of the changes in the British social structure and the cutural concepts in Locke's time,it finds that Locke's understanding of gentlemen have both social attributes and personality attributes.The social attributes of the gentleman are expressed in their role as representatives of the emerging middle class,while the personality attributes are reflected in the perfect personality conceived by Locke.