从分层到分类:我国教育研究中文化资本理论应用的本土转向

From Stratification to Categorization:The Indigenization of the Application of Cultural Capital Theory in China Educational Research

文化资本理论起源于西方,植根于其阶层固化、种族壁垒与文化区隔的社会情境。较之而言,当代中国的社会阶层更具复杂性,社会流动性更高,国内正在经历本土化、多元化和动态化的研究转向。面对与西方社会情境有别的事实,仍需在把握本土特征的基础上,正视多元异质的文化资本类型,探索群体差别优势的文化生产路径;回归以人为本,从强调文化资本对教育成就的结构性制约转向深析文化资本对个体教育过程中的内外赋能;超越社会阶层的单一视角,以群体分类视角解读个体编织意义之网的文化资本力量。

The theory of cultural capital originated from the West,which was rooted in its social context of class solidification,racial barriers,and cultural separation.In contrast,the social stratification in contemporary China is more complex and mobile.Existing domestic research is experiencing a shift characterized by indigenization,diversification and dynamic.The research on cultural capital in China needs to:confront the diverse and heterogeneous cultural capital of all social strata and explore the cultural production path of group differential advantages;return to people-oriented concept and turn attention from emphasizing the structural constraints of cultural capital on educational achievements to deeply analyzing the empowerment of cultural capital on individuals in the process of education;transcend the single perspective of social class and interpret the cultural capital power in weaving the web of meaning of individuals from the perspective of group classification.