调适与脱轨:新冠肺炎疫情对大学生生涯发展路径的冲击效应

Adjustment and Derailment:The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Career Paths of College Students in China

基于生涯冲击理论与风险感知理论,利用全国本科院校学生追踪调查数据,考察新冠肺炎疫情对大学生生涯发展的影响发现:疫情对大学生生涯发展造成巨大冲击,实现大学初期生涯发展规划的学生仅占56.7%,23.4%的学生要修正生涯发展路径,而陷入失业或升学失败困境的学生占比达19.9%;疫情的影响并非归因于区域疫情的客观严重程度,而是主要通过个体疫情风险感知传导;疫情也放大了弱势大学生群体生涯发展的脆弱性,其影响存在明显的社会结构性差异。应对疫情挑战,可在扩大就业岗位、优化研究生教育功能与结构、加强大学生生涯指导与心理帮扶等方面多措并举。

Based on the perspective of career shock theory and risk perception theory,using China’s college student longitudinal survey data,this paper examines the impact and mechanism of the COVID-19 pandemic on the career development.It finds that college students’career development paths were divided into 3 patterns:the stable type,the adaptive type,and the derailed type;subjective risk perception constitutes the micro psychological mechanism between pandemic impact and career paths change;the vulnerable students were relatively harder hit by the COVID-19 pandemic.To meet the challenge,it should expand employment posts,optimize the function and structure of postgraduate education,and strengthen career guidance and psychological assistance for college students.