美国新型教师教育机构的创新发展逻辑——基于组织合法性视角的分析

The Creative Development Logic of New Graduate School of Education in America

新教育研究生院是美国一种不依赖大学、独立培养初任教师并授予硕士学位的高等教育机构。考察新教育研究生院的组织合法性,发现它已取得坚实的规制合法性、相对稳固的规范合法性,但在认知合法性上表现为领域内外认知相悖、内高外低。严重师资短缺问题、临床实践与教育公平改革转向、新自由主义政策下的市场作用,共同构成了新教育研究生院的形成背景,也形塑了其实践逻辑。新教育研究生院的发展在深度融合教师教育与临床实践,强化教师教育对教育公平的关切,打造灵活多元的认证环境,创建外部质量保障体系,引导多元主体协同参与教师教育评价等方面可为我国教师教育改革提供借鉴与参考。

The new Graduate Schools of Education(nGSEs)is a kind of higher education institution in America that educates preservice teachers independently and certify Master’s degrees.Its institutional legitimacy shows that it has obtained solid regulatory legitimacy and relatively stable normative legitimacy.However,the cognitive legitimacy shows that the inside and outside perspectives in the field are inconsistent.The serious shortage of teachers,the reform of clinical practice and educational equity,and the market function under the neoliberal policy constitute its developmental background,and also shape its practice logic.At the aspects of clinical practice,education equity,certification environment,external quality assurance system and teacher education evaluation,the nGSEs provides reference for teacher education reform in China.