大学与科学革命的发生:争议与反思

The University and the Outbreak of Scientific Revolution:Controversy and Reflection

大学兴起和科学革命都是世界文明史上的重要事件,学界就两者之间的关系争鸣不断。有学者认为,中世纪大学从组织保障和确立科学研究的正当性两方面奠定了科学革命的基础,近代早期大学更是培养了绝大多数科学家。但也有很多学者认为,中世纪大学并未开展实质性的科学教育和研究,遵循权威抑制了对新知识的探求,而近代早期大学对新知识和新方法大多抱抵制态度,科学革命的重大成果也主要产生于大学以外的科学组织。准确认识大学与科学革命的关系,既要针对不同时期、不同研究领域、不同大学的贡献具体分析,也要积极借鉴哲学和观念史、学术制度史等多领域的研究成果。

The rise of university and the outbreak of scientific revolution are two important events in the history of world civilization,but the relationship between them has been constantly controversial.Some believe that the medieval university laid the foundation for the scientific revolution,and the early modern university trained most of scientists.However,there are still many scholars believing that the medieval university did not carry out substantial scientific education and research,and restrained knowledge exploration.In the early modern times,most of the universities resisted new knowledge and new methods;the major achievements mainly developed in scientific organizations outside universities.To analyze the relationship between the university and the scientific revolution,it should judge the contribution separately,and refer the research results in the field of philosophy,history of ideas and history of academic institution.