大学教师行为背后的制度与文化归因——立足于偏好的研究视角

Institutional and Cultural Attributions Behind Faculty’s Behavior——Based on the Perspective of Preference Theories

偏好为经济学、心理学与社会学等领域广泛流行的概念。不同于信念、态度、抱负和激情,偏好作为个体相对稳定且被合理化的心智模型,与其日常可观察的行为事实间有着更为直接的关联。大学教师的职业选择、工作角色以及风险选择偏好的形成与变化,固然有其个人禀赋如智力、人格等生物学基础,但更受制度政策、学术文化等环境因素的影响。偏好本身为一个中性概念,无好坏之别,对大学教师偏好结构与形成机制的分析,有助于我们更为真切地透视学术界众多现象背后的深层动因与诱因,为实证研究提供基本依据和分析框架。

Preference is a widely popular concept in the fields of economics,psychology and sociology.Unlike belief,attitude,aspiration and passion,preference as a relatively stable and rationalized mental model of an individual,is more directly related to human’s daily observable behavioral facts.The preference formation and change of faculty career anchoring,job roles,and risk selection,certainly have their own biological basis of natural endowment including intelligence and personality,but they are more affected by environmental factors such as numerous institutions,policies and academic culture.Preference itself is a neutral concept,it does not matter whether it is better or worse.Through the preference analysis of the structure and formation mechanism,it will help us to understand the deep motivations and incentives behind many phenomena in academia more clearly.This paper attempts to make a systematic analysis of the theory of faculty preference,hoping to provide a fundamental basis and analytical framework for future empirical research.