1954—1978年的中国城市街居治理:以河南开封为中心的考察

Urban Street Community and Residential Committee Governance from 1954 to 1978——Investigation Centered on Kaifeng,Henan

与单位的“主体”设置不同,街居成立之初即被赋予了“辅助”性质。但在1954—1978年如开封一样的非工业城市实践中,街居并未因“辅助”性质而减少治理任务,街道人员的规模性和低能性、街居治理内容的繁杂性以及街道较为突出的就业问题等,都对街居治理在资源和能力上提出了更高要求。为解决问题,街居在治理过程中始终贯彻自力更生原则,坚持思想动员先行,强化群众工作中的行动性认同,注重领导力量上分工与合作相统一,由此增强了社会动员效果,缓解了街居资源匮乏状况和干部“事多人少”的矛盾,并最终在街道秩序的形成与街道实体社会的构建方面取得了显著成效。

Different from the“mainstay”setting of the unit,the street community and residential committee was given“auxiliary”nature at the beginning of its establishment,but in the practice of non industrial cities like Kaifeng from 1954 to 1978,street community and residential committee did not reduce the governance task due to the“auxiliary”nature.The scale and incompetence of street personnel,the complexity of the street community and residential committee governance content,and the prominent employment problems of street put forward higher requirements for the resources and capa bilities of the street community and residential committee.In order to deal with the problem,in the process of governance,the street community and residential committee has always implemented the principle of self-reliance,adhered to the principle of ideological mobilization first,strengthened the action identity in the masses work,and paid attention to the unity of the division of labor and cooperation in the leadership force,thereby enhancing the effect of social mobilization,alleviating the lack of street resources and the contradiction of“many things and few people”among cadres,and finally achieved remarkable results in the formation of street order and the construction of street entity society.