抗战大后方国民教育研究的回顾与展望

A Review and Prospect of National Education Research during the war of Resistance Against Japan in the Last Thirty Years

国民教育是近代中国新式教育体制建构的重要内容。抗战时期,迁都重庆的国民政府基于战时“新县制”政治教化合二为一实施的特殊背景,将义务教育与失学民众补习教育熔于一炉,最终达到强化地方自治基础的目的。近年来,学术界对抗战时期国民教育的研究,从对国民教育政策与管理的静态分析,转向对国民教育实施过程的动态考察;从对国民教育体系的单向考察,转向对新县制下国民教育的系统分析;从明显的“内部理路”,转向社会史影响下的“外部理路”;从宏观的全国性分析,转向更为具体、更为微观的区域史视角;从简单的资料整理与史实重建,转向对战时国家与地方社会关系的深入思考。未来对抗战时期国民教育的研究,应结合宏观与微观、统一内部理路与外部视角、整合政策分析与过程考察,从区域社会史的视角更为具体、更为全面地理解与分析战时体制下国民教育政策实施的时空差异性。

National education is an important part of the construction of modern China’s new education system.During the war of Resistance against Japan,the National Government,based on the special background of the implementation of the wartime“new county system”of caesaropapism,fused compulsory education with remedial education for the out of school people,and finally achieved the goal of strengthening the foundation of local autonomy.In recent years,academic research on national education during the war of Resistance against Japan has shifted from a static analysis of national education policies and management to a dynamic examination of the implementation process of national education:from a one-way examination of the national education system to a systematic analysis of national education under the new county system;from the obvious“internal logic”to the“external logic”influenced by social history;from a macro national analysis to a more specific and micro regional historical perspective;from simple data organization and historical reconstruction to in-depth reflection on the relationship between the state and local society during wartime.The future research on national education during the war of Resistance against Japan should combine Microcosm-macrocosm analogy,unify internal logic and external perspective,integrate policy analysis and process inspection,and more specifically and comprehensively understand and analyze the space-time differences of national education policy implementation under the wartime system from the perspective of regional social history.