1949年后两次黄河河源考察引发的学术争论

Academic Controversy Caused by Two Expeditions to the Source of the Yellow River After 1949

黄河河源历来是学界关注的重点问题。1949年后的两次黄河河源考察活动取得了重要成果,同时也引发了学界关于黄河河源问题的讨论。1952年黄河河源考察认定约古宗列曲为黄河源头,并提出鄂陵湖在上、扎陵湖在下的说法。由此次考察引发的学术讨论焦点,一是噶达素齐老山的位置问题,一是约古宗列曲作为黄河河源是否是首次发现。1978年考察认为黄河源头为卡日曲,并形成了玛曲说、拉浪情曲说、多源说的争论,且由此展开了河源标准的讨论,关于扎陵湖、鄂陵湖位置,此次考察将1952年的“上鄂下扎”纠正为“上扎下鄂”。两次河源考察活动,引发了历史地理学界对于历史时期黄河源头考察及认识的讨论,加深了对黄河河源的历史认识。

As the mother river of the Chinese nation,the source of the Yellow River has always been the focus of academic attention.After 1949,two investigations on the source of the Yellow River have achieved important results,which also led to academic discussions on the source of the Yellow River.In 1952,the investigation of the source of the Yellow River suggested that the source of the Yellow River originated from Yueguzongliequ,and erling Lake was on the top and Zhaling Lake was on the bottom.The focus of academic discussion caused by this investigation is the location of the old mountain in Gadasuqi,and whether it is the first discovery of Yueguzongliequ as the source of the Yellow River.In 1978,Kariqu was regarded as the main source of the Yellow River,and there was a debate about the theory of Maqu,the theory of Lalangqingqu and the theory of multi-source.As for the location of Zhaling Lake and Eling Lake,the investigation corrected the“upper Eling and lower Zha”in 1952 to“upper Zha and lower Eling”.The two river source investigation activities triggered the discussion on the investigation and understanding of the source of the Yellow River in historical geography,and deepen the historical understanding of the source of the Yellow River.