元修《宋史·河渠志》《金史·河渠志》文本探源

A Source Study to Water Conservancy Records of History of the Song Dynasty and History of the Jin Dynasty written by the official historians of the Yuan Dynasty

前人关于正史河渠志书存废与河患有关的论断,忽视了对文献形成和史料来源的分析,以元修宋、金二史《河渠志》为例可以进行反驳。通过分析《宋会要》中水利纪事的分类以及《宋史·河渠志》史源的复杂性,可知宋朝会要、国史可以用“河渠”名目统括水利事业,《宋史·河渠志》的出现是水患治理、漕运疏浚与农田水利三方面水利史料均足够丰富的结果。金朝官方对水利史事记载不足,故王鹗《金史》未设置《河渠志》篇目。元朝史臣首创《金史·河渠志》,则是缘于对本朝探明河源功绩的夸耀。

The scholars'conclusion that the reservation and revocation of water conservancy records is related to river trouble neglects the analysis of the formation of literature and the source of historical data.It can be refuted by taking the revision of water conservancy records of the Song and Jin dynasties as examples.By analyzing the classification of the chronicle of water conservancy in the Song Huiyao and the complexity of the historical sources of the Chronicles of the History of the Song Dynasty,we can see that the water conservancy records of the compendium and history of the Song Dynasty can be classified by the name of"Hequ".Therefore,the appearance of Water Conservancy Records of History of the Song Dynasty is the result of sufficient historical data of watr conservancy in the governing of floods,dredging of rivers and irrigation and water conservation.The historical data of water conservancy records in the Jin Dynasty was insufficient,therefore,Wang E's History of the Jin Dynasty did not set up a chapter of Water Conservancy Records.In order to boast of the achievements of the Yuan Dynasty in discovering the source of the Yellow River,official historians of the Yuan Dynasty initiated the chapter of Water Conservancy Records in History of the Jin Dynasty.