南京国民政府黄河保安林计划的出台与实施(1928-1937)

Planting of Baoan Forest in the Yellow River During the Republic of China(1928-1937)

南京国民政府推行的黄河保安林营造,是中国历史上首次由政府推动和实施的全流域沿黄大规模人工造林。近代以来,森林防灾和黄河上中下游综合治理的思想,逐渐成为社会共识。同时,政府对地方公共事务的介入力度加强,承担越来越多的职能。在此背景下,由实业部、黄河委员会等部门共同推动的黄河保安林营造得以展开。受到经费限制和黄河上中下游综合治理思想影响,以往未被关注的上中游陕、甘、绥三省造林率先得到实业部经费支持。而下游豫、鲁、冀三省,因历史上的治河传统和中央对植树造林的提倡,也都各自开展了沿河造林活动。沿黄保安林计划实施不久,就因抗日战争戛然而止。但作为中国历史上第一次由政府主导的全流域黄河保安林营造,其酝酿、提出、实施和终止的过程,不仅反映了民国时期黄河河防的具体面貌,也为后世黄河治理提供了历史经验。

The planting of the Yellow River’Baoan forest in the Republic of China was the first large-scale artificial afforestation along the Yellow River promoted and implemented by the government in the history of China.Since modern times,the idea of forest disaster prevention and comprehensive control of the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River has gradually become a social consensus.At the same time,the government’s involvement in local public affairs has been strengthened and it has assumed more and more functions.In this context,the planting of Baoan forest in the Yellow River jointly promoted by the Ministry of Industry and the Yellow River Commission was carried out.Due to the limitation of funds and the thought of comprehensive control of the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River,the three provinces in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River,Shaanxi,Gansu,Suiyuan,which had not been paid attention to in the past,took the lead in getting the financial support from the Ministry of Industry.The three lower reaches of Henan,Shandong and Hebei provinces,due to the historical tradition of river governance and the central government’s promotion of afforestation,have also carried out afforestation activities along the river.The plan of Baoan forest along the Yellow River was soon put to an abrupt end by the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.However,as the first large-scale afforestation movement along the Yellow River led by the government in Chinese history,the process of its preparation,proposal,implementation and termination not only reflects the specific situation of the Yellow River prevention in the Republic of China,but also provides historical experience for the Yellow River control in later generations.