科技园区功能发展与区域创新环境的关联分析——以中关村科技园区为例

The Relationship Between the Function of the Science Park and the Regional Innovation Milieu in Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park

科学认识科技园区功能与区域创新环境的关系,对推动科技园区功能提升及营造地区创新氛围具有重要意义。以中关村科技园区"一区十六园"为例,综合运用园区功能等级测度方法探究中关村科技园区功能等级分异特征,利用耦合协调模型评判科技园区功能发展与区域创新环境的关联关系,并采用灰色关联分析法对影响科技园区功能的关键环境因子进行识别,研究发现:位于中心城区和近郊区的园区主导产业为生产性服务业和高新技术制造业等行业部门,制造业因地租和发展空间的需求多集聚在外围郊区园区,园区功能等级空间上呈现显著核心—边缘结构。区域创新环境水平总体呈现低值区域多、高值区域少的金字塔结构,空间差异性呈现由中心城区向郊区和远郊区水平逐渐递减的分布格局特征。科技园区功能发展与区域创新环境的关系主要表现为低度协调耦合和高度协调耦合类型,协调耦合等级水平空间上呈现出从中心城区向郊区、远郊区由高到低的地带性差异。科技资源环境和组织网络环境对科技园区功能发展的驱动力要强于基础设施环境、政策制度环境和社会文化环境,人才、资金和信息等资源是科技园区功能发展的关键因子。

Understanding the relationship between the functions of science park and the regional innovation milieu is a vital issue for promoting the enhancement of the functions of science park and creating a regional innovation atmosphere.Taking Zhongguancun as an example,applying the coupling coordination model and grey associative analysis,the paper evaluates the relationship between the science park functions and the regional innovation milieu,and identifies the key factors affecting the functions of science park.The results show that:The parks in the capital’s functional core area and the urban functional expansion area clustered production services and hightech manufacturing industries.Due to land rents and demand for space,manufacturing industries is mostly concentrated in the parks in the outer suburban counties,especially the labor-intensive manufacturing industries are concentrated in the parks in the outer suburban counties.The level of regional innovation environment generally presents a pyramid structure with many low-value areas and few high-value areas.The overall spatial difference presents a gradual decrease in the level of innovation environment development from the central city to the suburbs and outer suburbs.The coordinated development of the functional development of science park and the regional innovation environment is mainly manifested in low-level coordination coupling and high-level coordination coupling.The level of coordination and coupling spatially presents a zonal difference from the central city to the ecological conservation area from high to low and coupling in the northern region lags behind that of the southern region.The driving force of the scientific and technological resource environment and the organizational network environment for the functional development of the science and technology park is stronger than that of the infrastructure environment,the policy system environment and the social and cultural environment.Resources,such as talents,funds and information are the fundamentals of the development of the science park.