殷墟大司空村出土牛骨刻辞的性质及几处语词的释读

The Nature of the Inscription on An Oracle Bone Unearthed in Dasikong Village of Yin Ruins and the Interpretation of Several Words

大司空村新出土的牛骨刻辞是一版特殊的和册告、施祭并与当时战争事件相关的记事刻辞。时人在当时用过的卜骨上模仿简牍的形式,利用竖条界划好的骨面记录了当时的情况。牛骨正面刻辞所反映的事件大致可以包括命令牧官执事,选择出行路线,委派■、何征伐■,■侑祭先母,用火攻杀等重要内容。该牛骨刻辞正反两面所反映的行事过程与武丁时期重大战争的诸多环节有较多相似点。大司空村新出的土牛骨刻辞所涉及的人物有牧、■、何、子■等,这些贵族代表人物又见于以往出土的同时期的殷墟卜辞,其中牧、何在卜辞中也参与了有关的战事和冊告仪式。该版刻辞所记录的成文时间是在■寅三日之后的■辰这一天(■表示残缺的字)。今所见《合集》14925、14926著录牛胛骨残片中,其骨面上的文字亦被纵向而成的划线所界隔,显然也是效仿了典册的模式。

The newly unearthed oracle bone inscriptions in Dasikong Village are special inscriptions related to war events at that time.At that time,people imitated the form of bamboo slips on the bones used,and recorded the situation at that time by using the bone surface marked by vertical bars.The events reflected in the inscriptions on the front of the Oracle bone can roughly include ordering the shepherd's deacon,choosing the route to travel,appointing ■ and He to attack ■,sacrificing to his mother,attacking and killing with fire.There are many similarities between the two sides of the inscription and many links of the great war in Wuding period.The newly unearthed Oracle bone inscriptions in Dasikong Village involve Mu,■,He,Zi ■ and so on.These noble representatives are also found in the oracle inscriptions of the same period unearthed in the past.Among them,Mu and He also participated in the relevant wars and announcement ceremonies.The time recorded in the inscription was the Chen three days after Yin.