钒化工冶金固废资源化清洁利用

Clean utilization of solid waste of vanadium chemical and metallurgy

采用整体化增值利用、多组元高效提取、末端无害化处置的策略,通过关键核心技术创新和集成,开发了具有产业化价值的低成本、高效钒化工冶金固废资源化清洁利用技术集成体系。提钒尾渣通过亚熔盐技术高效提钒后,渣中的钒含量(以V2O5计)降低至0.2wt%以下,铁含量(以Fe2O3计)富集至60wt%以上;再经钙化脱钠后终渣中钠含量(以Na2O计)低于2wt%,可大比例替代低钒高品位铁精矿用于配矿烧结,配矿量由原来的20 kg/t提高至60 kg/t。将块状、粉状铬泥通过添加有机粘结剂和65碳化硅做成球骨架,加工成粒径530 mm的球状物并烘烤,加入炼钢工序,所制钢筋的屈服和抗拉强度均比常规工艺高,对钢筋性能提高有一定作用。采用钒酸铁部分替代V2O5冶炼钒铁技术上可行,1 t钒酸铁可代替209 kg V2O5,钒铁消耗0.2 t,钒回收率在90%以上,并生产出A级50钒铁产品。50钒铁炉渣作为粘结配料可提高钒钛烧结矿强度,在回收利用渣中钒、镁、钙元素的同时,使钒钛烧结矿转鼓指数提高2%4%。

In view of the fact that the solid waste resources such as vanadium tailings,chromium mud,vanadium mud,iron vanadate mud and slag of Fe V50 produced in the vanadium chemical and metallurgical industry were difficult to be utilized on a large scale,a low-cost and high-efficiency vanadium chemical smelting industry with industrialized value was developed by adopting the strategy of integrated value-added utilization,multicomponent high-efficient extraction and end harmless disposal,and through the innovation and integration of key core technologies,a low-cost and high-efficiency integrated technology for clean utilization of solid waste of vanadium chemical metallurgy with industrial value has been developed.After vanadium tailings were extracted by sub-molten salt technology,V2O5 content in the final slag was reduced to below 0.2 wt%,and Fe2O3 content in the final slag was enriched to over 60 wt%.The Na2O content in the final slag was less than 2 wt%after calcification and desalination,which could replace the low-vanadium and highgrade iron concentrate in a large proportion for ore blending and sintering,from the original 20 kg/t to 60 kg/t.The bulk and powder chromium mud was made into spherical skeleton by adding organic binder and 65 silicon carbide,processed into spherical material of 530 mm diameter and baked,and then added into steel-making process.Compared with conventional process,the yield strength and tensile strength were improved,which had a certain effect on improving the performance of reinforcing bars.It was feasible to use iron vanadate to partly replace vanadium pentoxide in ferrovanadium smelting.1 t iron vanadate can replace 209 kg of vanadium pentoxide.The consumption of iron vanadium per ton was 0.2 t.The recovery rate of vanadium was over 90%.Slag of FeV50 as a"bonding"ingredient to improve the strength of V-Ti sinter,while recovering and utilizing V,Mg and Ca elements in the slag,the drum index of V-Ti sinter increased by 2%4%.