难熔金属含氧酸盐电化学解离-合金化短流程绿色工艺

Alloys preparation from refractory metal oxysalts by molten salt electro-deoxidation using liquid cathode

针对难熔金属传统冶金流程长、能耗高和污染重的问题,介绍了以难熔金属含氧酸盐(如CaTiO3,NaVO3,Na2CrO4等)中间体直接熔盐电解(液态阴极)制取合金的短流程新过程。以熔点低、可溶、可电离的难熔金属含氧酸盐为电解反应物直接实现难熔金属的合金化,构建冶金-材料一体化的熔盐电解新体系,是缩短流程和实现冶金资源"快速成材"的创新路径。新过程弃用污染性工艺,环境友好,符合高效绿色冶金原则,有潜力成为一种普适性新方法。要点:(1)新工艺符合冶金过程绿色化、高效短程化及材料增值化的需求。(2)以低熔点的可溶性矿物中间体为原料,益于物质直接快速电解转化。(3)液态金属阴极可原位耦合电解还原与合金化过程,促成冶金-材料一体化制备。(4)深度电解还原、电效提升及液态阴极的定制优选是面临的主要挑战。

Long processes,high energy consumption and severe pollution are the issues for the conventional metallurgy of refractory metals.Instead of the thermal reduction method,molten salt electro-deoxidation is the most promising technique to produce refractory metals.Herein,a new process is proposed for direct transforming typical refractory metal(V/Cr/Ti)oxysalts in melting state to metal or alloys by molten salt electrolysis with liquid cathode.Refractory metal oxysalts with low melting point are used as both electrolytic reactants and conductive molten salts.This innovation work would provide theoretical foundation for building universal and green method to produce refractory metals with high efficiency.Key learning points:(1)The new process satisfies the industrial needs for green metallurgy,high efficiency,short process and value-added production.(2)Highly soluble refractory metal oxysalts with low melting points is beneficial to a high-productivity and low-energy-input molten salt electrolysis process.(3)The electrochemical reduction and alloying process can be in-situ coupled in a liquid cathode,contributing to one-pot conversion of refractory metal oxysalts to value-added alloys.(4)Deep electrochemical reduction,high current efficiency and customization design of liquid metal cathode are the main challenges.