木基光热复合材料用于海水淡化的研究进展

Research progress on wood-based photothermal composite for seawater desalination

地球上的总水量高达14亿立方公里,但淡水储量仅占2.53%,迫切需要绿色、运行成本低、耗能小、操作简单且高效的新型海水淡化材料。太阳能作为一种取之不尽用之不竭的清洁能源,为解决当前问题提供了一种全新思路。但自然界的太阳光往往受气象环境等因素影响无法为海水淡化过程提供足够的热,因此,人们将目光聚焦于全光谱吸收的光热转换材料。鉴于木材独特的三维孔道结构、低导热率、良好的蒸腾作用特性,已然成为海水淡化基底材料的理想选择。据此,综述了基于木材的全光谱太阳能吸收复合材料作为新型海水淡化方式的相关研究进展。详细分析了制备工艺、光热转换材料选择等对所得新型木基复合材料海水淡化速率、效率的影响规律,并指出其在海水淡化领域存在的潜在问题与未来应用前景。

The total water volume on the earth is as high as 1.4 billion cubic kilometers,but fresh water reserves only account for 2.53%.There is urgent need for green,low operation cost,low energy consumption,simple operation and efficient new seawater desalination materials.As a kind of inexhaustible clean energy,solar energy provides new way to solve the current problems.However,the natural sunlight is often affected by meteorological environment and other factors cannot provide enough heat for the desalination process.Therefore,the full spectrum absorption of photothermal conversion materials was focused on.Due to its unique three-dimensional pore structure,low thermal conductivity and good transpiration,wood has become an ideal choice for seawater desalination substrate.Accordingly,the research progress of wood-based full-spectrum solar absorption composite as new seawater desalination method was reviewed.The effects of the preparation process and the selection of photothermal conversion materials on the rate and efficiency of seawater desalination were analyzed in detail,and pointed out the potential problems and future application prospects of the new wood-based composite in seawater desalination.