多功能智能水凝胶材料的制备与应用进展

Progress on preparation and application of multi-functional and smart hydrogel

多功能智能水凝胶材料(MSRH)兼具水凝胶生物相容性以及刺激响应材料环境敏感的优点,在智能材料及生物医药等领域极具应用前景。介绍了MSRH的制备方法(多种单体共聚、特殊单体均聚和聚合物后修饰);总结了MSRH的响应机制(整体形变、局部形变和多维度形变);在此基础上阐述了MSRH在驱动器、仿生皮肤和医疗领域的研究进展,分析了MSRH发展中所面临的挑战以及研究趋势。并指出采用4D打印等新兴技术以丰富MSRH的形貌、引入能量耗散机制提高其机械性能、优化多尺度仿生结构提高其能量利用率和响应速率、结合多学科知识以完善MSRH的各项功能等成为未来研究方向。MSRH的制备与应用研究将为高性能智能材料的构建拓宽思路。

Multi-functional and smart hydrogels(MSRH)has great potential in intelligent materials,biomedicine and other fields,owing to their synergistic advantages of hydrogels and smart materials such as biocompatibility,environmental sensitivity,and tunable properties.The fabrication strategies of MSRH(copolymerization of various monomers,homo-polymerization of specific monomers and post modification of polymers)were introduced,and summarized the responsive mechanisms of MSRH(global deformation,local deformation and complex deformation).On this basis,their applications in actuators,soft robots,artificial skin and biomedicine were summarized.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the development of high-performance MSRH were discussed.Their morphologies could be enriched with the help of new technologies such as 4 D printing.Their mechanical properties could be enhanced via the introduction of energy dissipated mechanism such as dual-network design,nanocomposite method,topological structure,etc.The energy utilization efficiency and response rate of MSRH could be improved by optimizing the bio-inspired structures.Their properties could be further improved by the combination of multidisciplinary knowledge.The research progress on the fabrications and applications of MSRH can shed light on the design of high-performance intelligent materials.