新冠肺炎疫情加速国家贸易保护主义向国家风险预防主义的转变——法国海关临时性措施引发的启示

The Epidemic Covid-19 Accelerates the Transformation of Trade Protectionism to National Precautionism:Inspirations from the Temporary Measures of French Customs

法国政府自2020年3月17日起,采取了一系列特殊和紧急状态下的卫生防御措施以应对新冠疫情。疫情加速国家贸易保护主义向国家风险预防主义转变,具体表现在促使各国进行产业链重组,WTO保护的重点将转向对各国公民和消费者免遭风险的保护,加强对产品质量规格和标准的进出境监管措施会替代关税保护措施。风险预防主义是改变未来国际贸易规则的关键。未来国际贸易规则制定的主要目标,不再是一味地推动关税下降到零,而是转向协调各国"风险预防措施"。

Since 17 March 2020,the French government has implemented a series of measures in the special period and situation of health emergency in response to COVID-19.The epidemic has accelerated the shift from national trade protectionism to national precautionism,which is reflected in the restructuring of industrial chains in various countries.The focus of WTO protection is shifted from protecting enterprises from the negative effects of international trade competition through tariff reductions to protecting citizens and consumers from risks,which is derived from all aspects of national legislation and policies.Precautionism will be the key to the evolution of future international trade rules.The main goal of international trade rules in the future is no longer to custom tariffs down to zero,but to coordinate national risk prevention measures.