洛阳主城区银行网点空间分布与影响因素分析

Analysis on Spatial Distribution of Bank Branches and Its Influencing Factors in Luoyang Main Urban Area

银行网点区位对于城市功能、区域发展具有重要影响,基于高德地图的POI点位数据、国家地理信息数据和社会经济统计数据等,综合运用最近邻指数、GIS格网化叠加提取分析、地理探测器等方法对洛阳市主城区银行网点的空间分布与影响因素进行分析.结果表明:1)银行网点空间集聚特征明显,由城市中心高度集聚向城市外围逐渐分散,整体呈Y字形;空间分布极不均衡,以龙门大道为界“西密东疏”,以洛河为界“北多南少”;国有商业银行空间集聚性最为显著,倾向分布于城区北部,而地方性股份制银行倾向于分布在城区南部,全国性股份制银行数量较少,集聚性较弱.2)经济因素、自然因素和社会因素对整体银行网点分布均有影响;经济因素中,超市影响最强、公司企业影响相对较弱;自然因素方面,坡度的影响最大,地形起伏度的影响程度相对较小;社会因素中,道路影响最强,学校影响相对较弱.国有商业银行与整体银行网点受影响的程度基本一致,公司企业对国有商业银行的影响程度最大,学校对其影响程度最小;公司企业、地形起伏度、学校对全国性股份制银行影响不显著,地区生产总值对全国性股份制银行的影响程度最大,人口密度对其影响程度最小;地形起伏度、住宅小区对地方性股份制银行影响不显著,超市对地方性股份制银行的影响程度最大,而学校对其影响程度最小.

Based on the POI data of Gaode Map,national geographic information data and socio-economic statistics,the spatial distribution and influencing factors of bank branches in the main urban area of Luoyang City were analyzed by using the nearest neighbor index,GIS grid overlay extraction analysis and geographic probe.The results show that:1)the spatial clustering of bank branches is obvious,from the city center to the periphery of the city,and the overall Y-shaped;the spatial distribution is extremely uneven,with the boundary of Longmen Avenue being"dense in the west and sparse in the east"and the boundary of Luo River being"more in the north and less in the south".State-owned commercial banks have the most significant spatial agglomeration and tend to be distributed in the northern part of the city,while local joint-stock banks tend to be distributed in the southern part of the city,and national joint-stock banks are fewer in number and less agglomeration.2)Economic,natural and social factors all have an impact on the overall bank network distribution.Among the economic factors,supermarkets have the strongest impact and corporate enterprises have a relatively weak impact;in terms of natural factors,the influence of slope is the strongest and the influence of topographic relief is relatively small;in terms of social factors,the influence of roads are the strongest and the influence of schools are relatively weak.State-owned commercial banks and the overall bank network are basically affected to the same extent,while corporate enterprises have the greatest relief,and schools have insignificant influence on national joint-stock banks,while gross regional product has the greatest influence on national joint-stock banks and population density has the least influence;the influence of topographic relief and residential neighborhoods on local joint-stock banks is not significant,supermarkets have the greatest degree of influence on local joint-stock banks,and schools have the least degree of influence.