黄河流域城市土地绿色利用效率测度及其时空演变

Measurement of Urban Land Green Use Efficiency and Its Spatiotemporal Evolution in the Yellow River Basin

黄河流域绿色发展的目的在于维护生态安全以及提高发展质量.借鉴绿色经济效率评价方法,将生态损失作为非期望产出纳入传统土地利用效率评价指标体系中,借助非期望产出的超效率SBM模型对2003-2018年黄河流域53个地级市的城市土地绿色利用效率进行测度,采用核密度估计和空间自相关分析方法,从时间和空间两个角度分析城市土地绿色利用效率演变特征,并定性分析其时空演变的影响因素.结果表明:时间上,黄河流域城市土地绿色利用效率呈现上升趋势,并存在两极分化格局,不同时段内上、中、下游的城市土地绿色利用效率存在显著差异;空间上,黄河流域城市土地绿色利用效率呈现正向全局空间相关性,且空间集聚程度呈现“波浪式”发展特征,即上游城市土地绿色利用效率从低值集聚型演变为高值集聚型,中游城市土地绿色利用效率主要表现为低值集聚型,下游城市土地绿色利用效率由高值异质型演变为低值集聚型.此外,影响黄河流域城市土地绿色利用效率的因素主要为宏观政策以及上、中、下游不同的自然环境特点、产业结构和城市发展特征等.基于上述结论,本文提出了提升黄河流域城市土地绿色利用效率的建议:从宏观角度看,应致力于创新制度、构建全流域国土空间规划体系,依托城市群进行发展、增强城市间在经济发展和生态保护方面的合作等;从微观角度看,上游城市应重视生态保护,中游城市在环境污染治理的同时推动产业转型与升级,下游城市应着力提升创新能力、建设宜居城市.

To realize green development is the basic requirement of promoting the strategy of ecological protection and high quality development in the Yellow River Basin.In this paper,using green economy efficiency evaluation method for reference,ecological loss is incorporated into the traditional land use efficiency evaluation index system as an undesired output.Therefore,with the help of the super-efficiency SBM model with undesired output,the green use efficiency of urban land in 53 prefecture-level cities along the Yellow River was measured from 2003 to 2018,and its evolution characteristics were analyzed from the perspectives of spatiotemporal two-dimensional by kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis.At the same time,this paper analyzed the influencing factors of the temporal and spatial evolution of urban land green use efficiency.The results showed that:In terms of time,the green use efficiency of urban land in the Yellow River Basin showed an upward trend and a polarization pattern,with significant differences in urban land green use efficiency in the upper,middle and lower reaches in different periods.Moreover,the temporal evolution characteristics of the urban land green use efficiency in the whole basin was a structure produced by the superposition of the temporal evolution characteristics of the urban land green use efficiency in the upper,middle and lower reaches;Spatially,there is a positive overall spatial autocorrelation in the urban land green use efficiency of the Yellow River Basin,and the degree of spatial agglomeration presents the"wave"development characteristics,and the upper,middle and lower reaches of the city show obviously different spatial agglomeration types:the green use efficiency of urban land in the upper reaches has changed from low-value clustering to high-value clustering,while that in the middle reaches has mainly changed from low-value clustering to low-value clustering,and that in the lower reaches has changed from high-value heterogeneous to low-value clustering.Furthermore,the major elements affecting the green use efficiency of urban land in the Yellow River Basin were macro policies,different natural environment characteristics,industrial structure and urban development characteristics of the upper,middle and lower reaches.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward some suggestions from the overall and local perspective of the Yellow River Basin.From the perspective of macro and micro perspectives,efforts should be made to innovate the system,build the territorial spatial planning system of the whole river basin,rely on the urban agglomeration for development,and strengthen the cooperation between cities in economic development and ecological protection;from a local perspective,we should focus on differentiated development.The upstream cities should focus on ecological protection,the midstream cities should focus on environmental pollution control and industrial transformation and upgrading,and the downstream cities should focus on the improvement of innovation capacity and the construction of livable cities.