基于多源数据的郑州市中原区小学空间分布特征及可达性分析

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Accessibility Analysis of Primary Schools in Zhongyuan District of Zhengzhou City Based on Multivariate Data

以郑州市中原区小学教育设施为研究对象,通过计算机编程技术获得中原区小学位置点数据、小区位置点数据、公共交通站点以及公共交通线路数据等,利用ArcGIS 10.8中核密度估计、缓冲区分析、OD分析等工具以及高德地图平台中路径规划数据接口,对研究区小学教育设施空间分布特征以及集聚性进行探究,对住宅区到达其临近小学的出行距离进行数据挖掘和可视化显示,并对小学与交通站点的关联性进行了分析.结果表明:(1)中原区小学教育设施整体空间分布特征为东部集中、西部稀疏,各街道小学分布密度差异较大;(2)中原区小学最近邻指数(ANN)为0.94,呈现随机分布模式;(3)72.21%的住宅区到达临近小学的出行距离在1 km以下,5.05%的住宅区出行距离大于2 km;(4)中原区公共交通站点呈现东西向"带状"分布模式,南北向道路上分布站点较少,小学分布情况与公共交通站点分布保持一致.本研究可为中原区小学教育设施空间布局优化及未来规划选址提供参考.

This research took the primary school educational facilities in Zhongyuan district of Zhengzhou city as the research object,and obtained the data of primary school location points,community location points,public transportation stations and public transportation lines by computer programming technology.ArcGIS 10.8 kernel density estimation,buffer analysis,OD analysis and other tools as well as the path planning data interface in the Amap platform were used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and agglomeration of primary education facilities and calculate the distance between the residential area and it’s adjacent primary school,and finally to analyze correlation between the primary school and the traffic station.The results show that overall spatial distribution of primary schools in Zhongyuan District is concentrated in the east and sparse in the west,the distribution density varies greatly among subdistricts.The nearest neighbor index(ANN)of primary schools in Zhongyuan district is 0.94,showing a random distribution pattern.The trip distances from 72.21%of the residential area to nearby primary school are less than 1 km,5.05%of that more than 2 km.The distribution pattern of public transportation stations in Zhongyuan district is“strip”in east-west direction,and there are few stations on north-south roads.The distribution of primary schools is consistent with the distribution of public transportation stations.The study provides reference for the spatial layout optimization of primary education facilities in Zhongyuan District and future planning site selection.