开封旅游景区的等级结构及空间格局特点

Hierarchical Structure and Spatial Pattern Characteristics of Kaifeng Tourist Attractions

基于实体建设、旅游评价以及宣传营销3个维度构建开封市旅游景区综合发展水平的指标体系,运用自然断裂分级法、位序-规模法则和核密度估计法等方法,对开封市旅游景区关注度的等级结构及空间格局特点进行研究,并对其影响因素进行分析.研究表明:(1)在等级层次方面,从综合发展水平来看,主要表现为清明上河园为核心,市区知名旅游景区为支撑,郊区、县市旅游景区为外围衬托的等级层次结构.(2)在位序-规模特征方面,高水平区数量少,中等水平区数量较多,低水平区数量较多且存在“翘尾”现象.从等级金字塔看,当前状态与理想状态有差距,主要表现在高、较高、中等等级的景区数量较少,较低等级旅游景区的数量偏多.(3)在空间分布格局方面,主要呈现以开封市区中部尤其是清明上河园为中心的显著集聚区,以祥符区南部、龙亭区西部、开封西湖为次核集聚区,以外围若干弱核为支撑的空间分布结构.进一步计算地理集中系数发现,G值达到72.38,反映出开封市内部经济发育的不均衡程度较大.(4)基于空间分析结果和内外驱动力分析,认为基础资源支撑、旅游设施建设、旅游营销宣传、网络舆论效应和战略政策导向等是影响其空间分异的主要因素.

Based on the three dimensions of entity construction,tourism evaluation and publicity marketing,the index system of the comprehensive development level of Kaifeng tourist attractions was constructed.The hierarchical structure,spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of scenic spot attention in Kaifeng were analyzed by using Jenks Natural Breaks,the rank-size law,Kernel density and other methods.The results show that:Firstly,in terms of grade level,from the perspective of comprehensive development level,it is mainly manifested in the hierarchical structure of Millennium city park as the core,the well-known tourist attractions in urban areas as the support,and the suburban and county tourist attractions as the peripheral foil.Secondly,from the perspective of the rank-size law,the high-level regions have a small number,the middle-level regions have a large number,the lower-level regions have a large number and the tail-lifting phenomenon is obvious.From the level pyramid,there is a gap between the current state and the ideal state,which is mainly manifested in the less number of high,higher and medium-level scenic spots,and the more number of low-level scenic spots.Thirdly,in the spatial distribution pattern,it mainly presents the spatial distribution structure with the core of the middle of Kaifeng City,the south of Xiangfu District,the west of Longting Park and the west lake of Kaifeng as the sub-core,and several weak cores as the support.Further calculation shows that the geographical concentration coefficient reaches 72.38,reflecting the large imbalance of economic development in Kaifeng.Finally,based on the results of spatial analysis and the analysis of internal and external driving forces,it is believed that the support of basic resources,the construction of tourism facilities,tourism marketing publicity,the effect of network public opinion,and strategic policy orientation are the main influencing factors of spatial differentiation.