中国大城市保障房住区的“适老性”及其空间优化研究——以武汉市为例

Study on the "Elderly Friendly" Living Environment of Large-scale Affordable Housing Estates and Its Spatial Optimization: A Case Study of Wuhan

进入21世纪,随着我国人口老龄化现象的不断加剧,城市面临适老性空间缺乏、养老设施配置不足、老年人生活质量较低、幸福感缺失等一系列问题。居家养老正在成为主要的养老方式。如何从需求出发,高效建设"适老性"住区成为亟待深入研究的问题。其中,大规模保障房住区因其"建设年代早、选址偏远、低收入群体集聚、老龄化程度高"的基本特点而在"适老性"问题上尤为突出。为实现大规模保障房住区"适老性"提升,以武汉市为例,选取典型住区案例,通过实地调研、问卷调查和深度访谈,剖析其低收入老龄化群体的层次化需求,明确其居住空间现状问题,构建适配低收入老龄化群体需求的环境模型,倡导大规模保障房住区居住空间的模块化适老建设,以此缓解低收入老龄化群体的日常生活及养老问题。

Entering the 21st century,with the rapid population aging in China,cities are facing a series of problems,such as insufficient elderly-friendly spaces and facilities,the relatively low quality of the elderly’s lives,and the lack of a sense of well-being.The large-scale affordable housing estates is particularly prominent in the"elderly"problem because of its characteristics as"early construction,remote location,gathering low-income groups and high aging rate".This paper takes Wuhan as an example,selects typical affordable housing projects to analyze the hierarchical needs of the low-income aged groups through field survey,questionnaire and in-depth interviews,and clarifies the current situation of their living space.In order to alleviate the daily life discomfort of the low-income aging groups,this paper constructs an environmental model which meets the needs of low-income aged people and advocates the modular space construction which is more efficient and suitable for them.