新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中医务人员心理状态分析及应对建议

Mental health status and coping strategies among medical staff during outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019

目的:对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间医护人员面对突发性公共卫生事件下的心理状态进行调查,为后期制定相关心理健康干预措施提供参考依据。方法:采用方便抽样的方法,使用自设的一般人口学资料问卷、突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷、简易应对方式问卷对309名医务人员进行问卷调查。结果:在抗击新型冠状病毒疫情期间医务人员突发公共卫生事件心理状态各维度得分较普通人群高,不同性别医务人员在神经衰弱、恐惧、强迫-焦虑及疑病方面均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),不同工作年限医务人员在抑郁方面的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),护士在恐惧、强迫-焦虑、疑病方面的得分高于医生(P<0.05)。通过相关分析发现,医务人员面对突发性公共卫生事件时所产生的抑郁、神经衰弱、恐惧、强迫-焦虑、疑病与消极应对均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下医务人员发生不良情绪问题的风险较高,政府及医疗机构要及时建立医务人员职业安全及健康管理系统,提供有效的心理调适途径,引导医务人员采取积极的应对方式,减轻危机期间所产生的心理压力。

Objective:To investigate the mental health status of medical staff in the area of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted in 309 medical staff in fighting against outbreak of COVID-19 through general situation questionnaire,the Psychological Questionnaires for Emergent Events of Public Health,and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire.Results:Medical staff scored higher in each dimension of the general situation questionnaire and the Psychological Questionnaires than the general population did,and there were significant differences in neurasthenia,fear,forcing-anxiety and hypochondria among the different genders(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The difference in depression among medical staff with difference work experience was statistically significant(P<0.05),and nurses scored higher in fear,forcing-anxiety,and hypochondria than doctors did(P<0.05).Through correlation analysis,we found that negative coping styles were positively corrlated to the scores of depression,neurasthenia,fear,forcing-anxiety,hypochondriac of medical staff in facing to emergent events of public health(P<0.01).Conclusion:Higher risk of adverse emotional problems exist in medical staff who under the condition of COVID-19 outbreak.The government and medical institutions should establish the occupational safety and health management system for medical staff in time,provide an effective psychological debugging way and guide them to adopt positive coping styles,and reduce their psychological pressure when response to the outbreak of COVID-19.