论监察官制度的构成:基于主体性理论

On the Composition of the Supervisory Officers:Based on the Subjectivity Theory

制定监察官法,实行监察官制度,旨在提升监察队伍的专业化。监察官是监察权的行使主体,而主体具有主体性。根据“主体性理论”,为充分体现监察官的主体性,同时防止主体的异化,监察官法除了明确监察官的任职条件,还应规定监察官的权限、权利、义务、纪律要求等有关主体的主体性内容。为实现监察队伍专业化的立法目标,同时突出监察官的客观公正标准,监察官法应将“专业能力+品德”作为监察官的任职条件,明确监察官行使监察法赋予监察人员的权力,赋予监察官履行职责受法律保护权、异议权、申诉权、接受培训权等权利,规定监察官须遵守客观义务、保密义务、告知义务和出庭作证义务,并对监察官明确纪律要求以及违纪后果。

The legislation of the supervisory officers law and the practice of the supervisory officers system aims to raise the professionalism of the supervision team.The supervisory officers,as the subject of exercising the supervision power,has the characteristics of subjectivity.According to the“subjectivity theory”,the supervisory officers law shall,in addition to establishing conditions for selecting the supervisory officers,include the subjectivity elements of the supervisory officers such as powers,rights,obligations and discipline to be followed,in order to emphasize the subjectivity of the supervisory officers and avoid the subject's alienation.To realize the legislation goal of raising the professionalism of the supervision team and put an emphasis on the neutralism of the supervisory officers,the supervisory officers law shall regard“professionalism plus moral goodness”as double conditions for selecting the supervisory officers.In addition,the law shall also regnlate what powers the supervisory officers is entitled to exercise,confer to him or her the right to be protected by law in exercising powers,disagree,complain,and receive training,state that the supervisory officers has the duty to be neutral,hold confidential information,give notification,testify in court,and clarify discipline requirements for the supervisory officers and consequences of violation of the discipline.