行政复议中先行处理机制的证成与完善

The Justification and Perfection of the Preliminary Handling Mechanism in the Administrative Reconsideration

《行政复议法》(2023)第32条创设了行政先行处理机制。它的属性是行政司法,是在行政系统内部对行政争议进行实质化解,是行政复议司法化新的表现形式。这项机制的实践方式是行政机关与行政相对人进行的和解,包括过程上的和解与作为结案方式的和解两种类型。国家治理视域下的多元解纷是行政复议司法化在新时代的理念基础,在其指引下,行政先行处理的功能应被定位为前端分流,且规范要求是原行政机关有义务将行政争议化解在初始阶段。为了保障行政先行处理的功能能够更好地发挥,《行政复议法实施条例》的修订需要在“前后程序的衔接、程序模式的选择、结论的多样化”等三方面进行完善。未来研究应在细化构成要件、强化复议衔接、评估实施效果等方面展开。

Article 32 of the Administrative Reconsideration Law(2023)establishes an administrative preliminary handling mechanism.Its attribute is administrative justice,which is the substantive resolution of administrative disputes within the administrative system and a new manifestation of the judicialization of administrative reconsideration.The practical approach of this mechanism is the reconciliation between administrative agencies and administrative counterparts,including two types:process based reconciliation and settlement as a means of closing cases.The diversified dispute resolution under national governance is the conceptual foundation of the judicialization of administrative reconsideration in the new era.Under its guidance,the function of administrative first handling should be positioned as front-end diversion,and the normative requirement is that the original administrative agency has the obligation to resolve administrative disputes in the initial stage.In order to ensure that the function of administrative pre processing can be better utilized,the revision of the Implementation Regulations of the Administrative Reconsideration Law needs to be improved in three aspects:the connection between the pre-and post procedures,the selection of procedural modes,and the diversification of conclusions.Future research should focus on refining the constituent elements,strengthening the connection of reconsideration procedures,and evaluating the implementation effects.