农村集体资产股份权担保制度研究

Study on the Security System for Share Right in Rural Collective Assets

农村集体资产股份权与公司股权有本质区别。从权利生成的历史和逻辑两个维度看,农村集体资产股份权应当定性为完成独立化改造的收益分配权,具有可让与性。农村集体资产股份权担保应以抵押的形式设立,采登记要件主义的物权变动模式,担保登记机构可逐步统一为农村产权交易中心。农村集体资产股份权的价值评估应由特定机构完成,并采收益法,以集体经营状况和收益分配制度为参酌因素。农村集体经济组织不宜作为担保人,但对担保的设立享有同意权。以农村集体资产股份权为消费借贷提供担保的,担保物权人可不局限于金融机构。农村集体资产股份权担保的实现方式有必要将“折价”包含在内。收储作为农村集体资产股份权担保的补充实现形式,具有兜底性。收储机构在收购农村集体资产股份权后应当及时转让。

The share right in rural collective assets is fundamentally different from the equity of a company.From the perspective of both the historical and logical dimensions of rights generation,the share rights in rural collective assets should be characterized as the right to distribution of income after completion of independent transformation,with transferability.The security for the share right of rural collective assets should be established in the form of a mortgage,adopting the mode of change of property right of registration elementalism,and the security registration institution can be gradually unified into a rural property rights exchange center.The assessment of the value of the share rights of rural collective assets should be carried out by a specific institution,and the income method should be adopted,with the collective business situation and the income distribution system as the factors of consideration.Rural collective economic organizations should not act as guarantors,but should have the right to consent to the creation of guarantees.Where the share rught in rural collective assets is used as security for consumer loans,the guarantor may not be limited to financial institutions.It is necessary to include“the estimated price”as a means of realizing the security of a share right in rural collective assets.As a supplementary form of realization of the security of share rights in rural collective assets,storage has a bottom-up nature.After acquiring the share right in rural collective assets,the storage institution should transfer them in a timely manner.