“参与公益活动”作为民事责任承担方式之可能与实现路径——基于消费民事公益诉讼司法实践的分析

The Possibility and Realizations Path of“Participating in Public Welfare Activities”as a Way of Assuming Civil Liability——Analysis on the Judicial Practice of Consumer Civil Public Interest Litigation

“参与公益活动”是企业或者个人承担社会责任的一种形式。《民法典》第179条就民事责任承担方式所作规定并不包含“参与公益活动”。“参与公益活动”要求行为人以作为的方式积极地修复社会公共利益。“参与公益活动”在消费民事公益诉讼中的规范适用,有助于完善我国民事责任承担体系,这就为细化“参与公益活动”的适用条件、适用范围、适用限度提出了要求。在消费民事公益诉讼中适用“参与公益活动”,不应止步于案件审结,而应以有效履行(执行)为最终目标;为此,需针对“参与公益活动”设置执行评估机制,引入执行监督措施,明确有能力而拒不履行或者履行不力的制裁办法。

Participating in public welfare activities is a form of corporate or individual social responsibility.Article 179 of the Civil Code does not include the provision of“participation in public welfare activities”regarding the method of assuming civil liability.“Participating in public welfare activities”requires actors to actively repair social public interests in a proactive manner.The standardized application of“participating in public welfare activities”in consumer civil public interest litigation helps to improve China's civil liability system,which puts forward the requirements for the refining the application conditions,scope,and limits of“participating in public welfare activities”.The application of“participation in public welfare activities”in consumer civil public interest litigation should not stop at the conclusion of the case,but should take effective performance(execution)as the ultimate goal.To this end,it is necessary to establish an execution evaluation mechanism for“participating in public welfare activities”,introduce execution supervision measures,and clarify the sanction measures that are capable but refuse or fail to fulfill.