事实认定的多元理论反思——以概率、信念与最佳证据为轴心

A Pluralistic Theoretical Reflection on Fact Finding——On the Axis of Probability,Belief and Best Evidence

针对事实认定的底层运行逻辑,国外学者提出了大量理论阐释。这些关于事实认定的多元理论,一方面旨在加深人们对事实认定活动的理解,另一方面也试图为事实认定提供有效的规范框架。相比于域外丰富的理论建构,中国法学界对于事实认定的理论阐释显得略有不足。整体上,事实认定的多元理论可以被划分为三个阵营,即概率理论、信念理论和最佳证据理论。中国事实认定的本土理论建构,应当在完整、准确地理解这些多元域外理论的前提之下,批判性地借鉴和发展它们。

Foreign scholars have put forward a large number of theoretical interpretations of the underlying logic of fact finding.These multiple theories on fact finding aim at deepening the understanding of fact finding activities on the one hand,and at providing an effective normative framework for fact finding on the other.Compared to the rich theoretical constructs from abroad,the theoretical interpretation of fact finding in Chinese jurisprudence appears to be slightly inadequate.On the whole,the pluralist theories of fact finding can be divided into three camps,namely the probability theory,the belief theory and the best evidence theory.The local theoretical construction of fact finding in China should critically draw on and develop these multiple extra-territorial theories on the premise of a complete and accurate understanding of them.