互联网平台用工模式下劳动关系之认定:新业态下的司法困境与路径探索

Determining Labor Relations in Internet Platform Employment:Judicial Dilemmas and Path Exploration in the Context of New Business Models

庞大的互联网平台从业人员的出现,对此种用工模式的界定与规制提出了迫切的要求。司法实践的困境在于传统劳动关系的判定标准不再适配新业态下的用工模式。事实上,认定劳动关系的核心依然没有脱离“从属性”标准。新业态下的“从属性”标准应作更灵活的解读,并应当更加关注“从属性”标准新的内涵与表现方式。传统的举证责任分配规则在新业态用工模式下也表现出极大的不适应性。为推进互联网经济的健康发展并保护新业态下从业人员的权益,应重新确定举证责任的分配,要求平台企业在认定劳动关系时承担一定的反向举证责任。平台企业承担举证责任有其正当性基础,既符合民事诉讼公正原则,也符合制度效能的要求。

The emergence of a massive Internet platform workforce has created an urgent need to define and regulate this new model of employment.The dilemma faced by the judicial practice is that the traditional criteria for determining labor relations are no longer suitable for this new employment model of industry.In essence,the core of identifying labor relations still relies on the“subordination”standard,including personal subordination and economic subordination.The“subordination”standard should be interpreted more flexibly for this new industry,with greater focus on economic subordination.When applied to Internet platform employment,the traditional rules for allocating the burden of proof is inadequate.To address this deficiency,the business models for this new industries'burden of proof should be reallocated,requiring platform companies to bear a certain reverse burden of proof when evaluating labor relation matters.There are legitimate grounds for placing the burden of proof on platform companies-this conforms to the principles of justice in civil litigation and also meets the requirements of institutional effectiveness.