法律中的立法根据条款研究

The Study of the Legislative Basis Provisions in the Law

立法根据条款是法律文本的重要组成部分,立法以何为据则是立法时经常遇及的问题。在全国人大及其常委会制定的现行有效法律中,有约三分之一的法律设有立法根据条款,且《宪法》是最常见的立法根据。随着法律的修改,其中的立法根据条款也会发生变迁。居于篇首的立法根据条款虽不直接调整社会行为,但具有“依宪立法的自我确认”“科学立法的原则宣示”“法律适用的概括指引”和“法律性质的间接阐明”等多重功能。不过,无论是立法根据条款的形式还是内容均存在不少缺憾,为此,需要对“是否规定立法根据”“如何选取立法根据”和“怎样表达立法根据”等问题作出科学合理的解答,进而完善与立法根据条款相关的立法技术规范。

The clause outlining the legislative basis is a pivotal element within legal texts,acting as the cornerstone for enacting legislation—a matter often encountered.In the laws currently in effect,promulgated by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee,approximately a third incorporates a clause specifying their legislative basis,with the Constitution frequently cited as this foundation.As legislative amendments occur,these clauses too are subject to revision.Although these clauses primarily appear at the outset and do not directly modulate social conduct,they fulfill various roles including“affirming the principle of constitutionality in legislation”,“proclaiming the tenets of scientific law-making”,“offering overarching guidance for law application”,and“providing indirect elucidation of the legal nature”.Despite their importance,both the structure and substance of these legislative basis clauses exhibit significant deficiencies.It is thus imperative to methodically and logically tackle questions concerning the necessity of defining a legislative basis,the criteria for its selection,and the manner of its articulation,with the aim of enhancing the legislative technical standards pertaining to the legislative basis clauses.