刑事合规视野下我国单位缓刑制度的建构

The Construction of Probation System in Our Country under the View of Criminal Compliance

《刑法修正案(十二)》强化对非国有民办、民营企业的合法权益的保护力度,为单位缓刑制度的构建奠定了基础。单位作为与自然人同样的刑事责任主体,在单位犯罪中其当然适用缓刑制度。单位构建缓刑制度能够在遵守罪刑法定原则的基础上,扩大合规所能激励的范围以及延长单位可实施企业合规的考察期,实现推动企业刑事合规发展。现行缓刑制度的构建是以自然人作为刑事责任主体所构建,其与刑事合规基础上构建的单位缓刑在适用原则以及考察标准上并不兼容。基于合规激励的特殊性以及现有考察标准,对单位实现特殊预防存在冲突,须另设单位缓刑制度。针对现有理论困境,单位缓刑制度的构建应当以严格区分单位与自然人在单位犯罪中的刑事责任为前提,坚持缓刑与刑事合规结合的特殊预防目的,并引入恢复性司法理念。在现有的缓刑制度中,应当构建独立于自然人缓刑的适用前提条件以及考察标准,以实现单位适用缓刑。

The Amendment to the Criminal Law(12)strengthens the protection of the legal rights and interests of non-state-owned private enterprises,which lays a foundation for the construction of probation system.As the same subject of criminal responsibility as the natural person,the unit crime naturally applies the probation system.On the basis of the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime,the construction of probation system can expand the scope of the incentive of compliance and extend the inspection period of compliance,so as to promote the development of enterprise criminal compliance.The construction of the current probation system is based on the natural person as the subject of criminal responsibility,and it is incompatible with the principles and standards of probation on the basis of criminal compliance.Based on the particularity of compliance incentives and the existing inspection standards,to achieve a special unit to prevent conflicts,it is necessary to set up a separate system of probation.In view of the present theoretical predicament,the construction of the system of probation should be based on the premise of strictly distinguishing the criminal responsibility of the unit and the natural person in the unit crime,and adhere to the special prevention aim of the combination of probation and criminal compliance,and introduce the concept of restorative justice.In the current system of probation,it is necessary to establish the precondition and standard of probation independent of the natural person in order to realize the application of probation.